Development of an e-worksheet circulation system based on an in-depth learning approach to train higher-order thinking skills of grade XI high school students

Rizal Ihza Mahendra; Wisanti Wisanti

doi:10.21831/edubio.v12i2.29897

Development of an e-worksheet circulation system based on an in-depth learning approach to train higher-order thinking skills of grade XI high school students

Rizal Ihza Mahendra, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Wisanti Wisanti, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia

10.21831/edubio.v12i2.29897

Abstract

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is a crucial competency in the 21st century, but students' HOTS abilities in Indonesia have not shown optimal results. In addition, the complex and abstract material of the circulatory system requires teaching materials that can support meaningful learning while training students' HOTS. The need for learning that can train HOTS can be accommodated through the Deep Learning Approach that emphasizes the principles of mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning. This research aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective Circulation System E-Worksheet based on the Deep Learning approach to train HOTS for Grade XI high school students. This research method applies a 4-D model that includes the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research instruments include a validation sheet, an observation sheet for implementing learning activities, a student response questionnaire, and HOTS test questions. The resulting E-Worksheet then underwent a limited trial on 20 grade XI IPA students of SMAN 16 Surabaya. The parameters of this study include validity based on expert assessment, practicality based on the implementation of learning activities and student responses to using the E-Worksheet, and effectiveness based on students' HOTS achievement. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using simple statistics, including averages and percentages. The results of the study show that the resulting E-WORKSHEET obtained a validity score of 3.67 (very valid), practicality reviewed from the implementation of learning activities of 100% (very practical) and positive student responses of 99.33% (very practical), and effectiveness based on the achievement of HOTS indicators including analysis, evaluation, and creation respectively of 75%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, the resulting E-Worksheet Circulation System based on the Deep Learning approach is considered valid, practical, and effective for practicing HOTS.

Keywords

Circulation system; Deep learning approach; E-worksheet; Higher-order thinking skills

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akbar, S. (2013). Instrumen Perangkat Pembelajaran. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=860002

Al Aliyawinata, T. T., Utari, E., & Mahrawi, M. (2021). The Effect of Discovery Learning on Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Biology Education Towards Sustainable Development, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.53889/ijbetsd.v1i1.47

Alkhatib, O. J. (2019). A Framework for Implementing Higher-Order Thinking Skills (Problem-Solving, Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, and Decision-Making) in Engineering & Humanities. 2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASET.2019.8714232

Asmaryadi, A. I., Darniyanti, Y., & Nur, N. (2022). Pengembangan bahan ajar e-LKPD berbasis mikir dengan mengunakan live worksheets pada muatan IPA di sekolah dasar. Jurnal basicedu, 6(4), 7377-7385. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3521

Ausubel, D. P. (1963). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning : an introduction to school learning. Grune & Stratton. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=59706

Bordunos, A. K., Miletich, M. P., & Volkova, N. V. (2024). Mindful Learning: Principles and Prospect of Use in Higher Education. Psychological Science and Education, 29(4), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2024290402

Botha, A., du Toit-Brits, C., & Blignaut, J. H. (2025). Charting New Pathways: Unleashing the Potential of Self-Directed Learning and the Transformative Role of Teachers in Education. Education Sciences, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15050524

Cheng, A. (2021). The place of language in the theoretical tenets, textbooks, and classroom practices in the ESP genre-based approach to teaching writing. English for Specific Purposes, 64, 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.07.001

Chisunum, J. I., & Nwadiokwu, C. N. (2024). Enhancing Student Engagement through Practical Production and Utilization of Instructional Materials in an Educational Technology Class: A Multifaceted Approach. NIU Journal of Educational Research, 10(2), 81–81. https://doi.org/10.58709/niujed.v10i2.2002

DeVries, R. (2000). Vygotsky, Piaget, and Education: a reciprocal assimilation of theories and educational practices. New Ideas in Psychology, 18(2–3), 187–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-118X(00)00008-8

Facione, P. A. (2015). Permission to Reprint for Non-Commercial Uses Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Measured Reasons LLC.

Fausan, M. M., Susilo, H., Gofur, A., Sueb, & Yusop, F. D. (2021). Assessing students’ prior knowledge on critical thinking skills in the biology classroom: Has it already been good? 030016. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043167

Feriyanto, F., & Anjariyah, D. (2024). Deep Learning Approach Through Meaningful, Mindful, and Joyful Learning: A Library Research. Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology, 5(2), 208–212. https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v5i2.321

Firmansah, G., Raharjo, & Abdillah, F. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Interaktif Berbasis Joyful Learning terhadap Keterampilan Analisis Siswa. Nusa: Journal of Science Studies, 1(1), 20–29.

Fujita, H., & Cunnings, I. (2020). Reanalysis and lingering misinterpretation of linguistic dependencies in native and non-native sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 115, 104154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104154

Gafur, I. A., Yustina, Suryawati, E., & Hadriana. (2024). Exploring Challenges in Understanding Abstract Biological Concepts: A Visual Literacy Perspective. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 234–245. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-216-3_25

Gufron, I. A., & Suryahadikusumah, A. R. (2025). Kajian Aksiologi Pembelajaran Berbasis Deep Learning Pada Pendidikan Dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(4), 556–567.

Hackemann, T., Heine, L., & Höttecke, D. (2022). Challenging to Read, Easy to Comprehend? Effects of Linguistic Demands on Secondary Students’ Text Comprehension in Physics. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 20, 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-022-10306-1

Istiqomah, E. (2021). Analisis Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) sebagai Bahan Ajar Biologi. ALVEOLI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.35719/alveoli.v2i1.17

Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. (2025). Naskah Akademik Pembelajaran Mendalam: Menuju Pendidikan Bermutu untuk Semua. Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran, Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia.

Lestari, I., & Rakhmawati, A. (2024). Pengembangan lkpd berbasis project based learning untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa materi bioteknologi. Jurnal Edukasi Biologi, 10(2), 177–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/edubio.v10i2.19644

Miller, S. M. (2011). Transmediating with Multimodal Literacies: Adolescents’ Literature Learning Through DV Composing. 60th Yearbook of the Literacy Research Association. Google Schoolar

Murtonen, M., & Balloo, K. (2019). Redefining Scientific Thinking for Higher Education (M. Murtonen & K. Balloo, Eds.). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24215-2

OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II) - Country Notes: Indonesia. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e-en.html

Pertiwi, P., Handoko, H., & Toheri, T. (2020). Pengaruh penerapan meaningful learning berbantuan LKPD bertema terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika dan kemampuan metakognitif peserta didik. Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara: Wahana Publikasi Karya Tulis Ilmiah Di Bidang Pendidikan Matematika, 6(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.29407/jmen.v6i2.14464

Rahayu, S., & Alsulami, N. M. (2024). Assessing higher order thinking skills of the 21st century learners using socio-scientific issues as a context. 070009. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0214793

Rahma, Q. A., & Kusumawardani, I. N. (2022). Developing Multimodal Mindful Material for Secondary School in Indonesia Post Covid-19 Pandemic. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 10(2), 1220–1234. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i2.3227

Raslan, G. (2024). The Impact of the Zone of Proximal Development Concept (Scaffolding) on the Students Problem Solving Skills and Learning Outcomes. BUiD Doctoral Research Conference 2023: Multidisciplinary Studies, 473 LNCE, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_6

Rismana, N., & Hernawati, D. S. (2025). Pengembangan Kurikulum di Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Tuntutan Abad Ke-21. Al I’tibar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30599/sxrd6x96

Ru, C. (2024). Research on the design and application of smart classroom teaching models for promoting deep learning. MATEC Web of Conferences, 395, 01025. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439501025

Safitri, R., Syafril, Zuwirna, & Supendra, D. (2024). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik (LKPD-E) pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas VII SMP. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8(1), 11188–11192. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/14058

Sawyer, R. K. (2022). The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences (R. K. Sawyer, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108888295

Shafira, F., Ristiono, R., Alberida, H., & Yogica, R. (2022). The Needs of High Order Thinking Skills-Oriented Student Worksheets on The Human Circulation System Materials For Grade XI Students. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 5(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v5i1.38500

Silalahi, S. A., Zainal, A., & Sagala, G. H. (2022). The Importance of Deep Learning on Constructivism Approach. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220104.036

Singh, D., & Morkel, J. (2024). Neuroscience-Informed Design of Learning Materials: Examining the Impact of Emotion, Interest, and Attention on Learning. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education Research. Academic Conferences and Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.34190/icer.1.1.3149

Suroya, S. H., Torrens, G. E., & Downs, S. T. (2024). Font Matters: Investigating the Typographical Components of Legibility. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(IX), 3368–3379. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8090283

Teplá, M., & Distler, P. (2025). The impact of long-term inquiry-based science education on students’ motivation and knowledge acquisition: the role of gender, subject, and level of inquiry. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04437-3

The Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2015). Framework for 21st Century Learning. The Partnership for 21st Century Learning. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED519462

Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. I. (1974). Instructional Development for Training Teachers of Exceptional Children: A Sourcebook. University of Minnesota. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED090725

Upara, S., & Chusanachoti, R. (2023). From Real World to Classroom: Navigating English Language Learning through Autonomy-Supportive Instruction and Out-of-Class Resources in Thai EFL Context. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 16(2), 572–587. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/index

Vincent, D. J. (2015). Deepening conceptual understanding in the high school AP biology classroom using engagement tools and techniques. Michigan State University. https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/2919

Waruwu, M. (2024). Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D): Konsep, Jenis, Tahapan dan Kelebihan. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(2), 1220–1230. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i2.2141

Wilks, T., Gerber, R. J., & Erdie-Lalena, C. (2010). Developmental Milestones: Cognitive Development. Pediatrics in Review, 31(9), 364–367. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-9-364

Yeşilyurt, S., & Gül, Ş. (2012). Secondary School Students’ Misconceptions About the “Transportation and Circulatory Systems” Unit. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 5(1), 17–48. http://www.keg.aku.edu.tr

Zhou, T., & Colomer, J. (2024). Cooperative Learning Promoting Cultural Diversity and Individual Accountability: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 14(6), 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060567

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/edubio.v12i2.29897