Tinjauan Literatur: Konversi Limbah Baterai LFP Kendaraan Listrik Menjadi Pupuk Berbasis Sintesis Nanografena-Oksida-Fe-P

Muhammad - Faras, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Indonesia
Rizky Ikhsan Febrian, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Indonesia
Nur Ulul Azmi, Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Indonesia

Abstract


Peningkatan penggunaan kendaraan listrik mendorong kenaikan jumlah baterai lithium iron phosphate (LFP) yang pada akhir masa pakainya berpotensi menjadi limbah berbahaya apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi pemanfaatan limbah baterai LFP sebagai bahan baku pupuk cair berbasis komposit nanografena oksida–Fe–phosphorus slow-release fertilizer (GO-PSRF) melalui pendekatan ekonomi sirkular. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis dan mensintesis berbagai publikasi ilmiah mengenai proses recovery material baterai LFP, sintesis grafena oksida, pembentukan komposit GO-Fe-P, serta analisis potensi ekonomi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa grafit anoda dapat dikonversi menjadi grafena oksida, sedangkan material katoda LiFePO₄ dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber besi dan fosfor untuk menghasilkan pupuk GO-PSRF dengan mekanisme double slow-release, yaitu kombinasi phosphorus slow-release fertilizer (P-SRF) dan komposit GO-Fe.

Keywords


Baterai LFP, Ekonomi sirkular, Daur ulang, Grafena oksida, GO-Fe-P, Pupuk cair

Full Text:

PDF

References


ABI Research. (2024). S: Key trends & sales forecast. https://www.abiresearch.com/blogs/2024/10/17/2024-automotive-industry/

Abdelkader, R. M., Hamed, D. A., & Gomaa, O. M. (2024). Red cabbage extract immobilized in bacterial cellulose film as an eco-friendly sensor to monitor microbial contamination and gamma irradiation of stored cucumbers. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40(9), 258.

Abror, M., & Widyastuti. (2019). The effect of vermicompost fertilizer and EM4 on growth and production of tomato. Agrosains, 21(1), 45–52.

Amri, A. (2019). Mengenal grafena dan aplikasinya (Edisi ke-1). UR Press.

Andelkovic, I. B., Kabiri, S., Tavakkoli, E., Kirby, J. K., McLaughlin, M. J., & Losic, D. (2018). Graphene oxide–Fe(III) composite containing phosphate: A novel slow-release fertilizer for improved agriculture management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 97–104.

Andelkovic, I. B., Tomic, Z. P., & Purenovic, M. (2019). Optimisation of phosphate loading on graphene oxide–Fe(III). New Journal of Chemistry, 43(5), 2301–2312.

Bachtiar, D. R., Rosyid, H. A., & Nabila, K. (2022). Pengaruh perkembangan kendaraan listrik terhadap industri otomotif pada era Society 5.0. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Edukasi Teknik, 2(6), 277–281.

Barbosa de Mattos, D. F., et al. (2025). Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: A comprehensive review. Recycling, 10(2), 55–73.

Bhattacharya, N., Cahill, D. M., Yang, W., & Kochar, M. (2023). Graphene as a nano-delivery vehicle in agriculture: Current knowledge and future prospects. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 43(6), 851–869.

Chang, W. T., Lin, C. H., & Tsai, M. H. (2019). Graphene oxide synthesis using microwave-assisted methods. Journal of Materials Research, 34(8), 1321–1330.

Chen, Y., Liu, Q., & Wang, T. (2022). Economic evaluation of recycled LiFePO₄ materials for agricultural applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 362, 132450.

Cheng, H., et al. (2024). Slow-release fertilizer encapsulated with graphene oxide sheets. Coatings, 14(3), 512.

Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The circular economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768.

Gong, C., Xue, Z., Wen, S., Ye, Y., & Xie, X. (2016). Advanced carbon materials/olivine LiFePO₄ composites cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 318, 93–112.

Görmez, Ö., Kaya, M., & Altuntaş, Ö. (2021). Comparison of GO–FePO₄ composites. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 273, 125080.

Harper, G., Sommerville, R., Kendrick, E., Driscoll, L., Slater, P., Stolkin, R., Walton, A., Christensen, P., Heidrich, O., Lambert, S., & Abbott, A. (2019). Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles. Nature, 575(7781), 75–86.

Hu, G., Zhang, Y., & Liu, J. (2024). Efficient recovery of FePO₄ from LiFePO₄ batteries. Hydrometallurgy, 235, 106–112.

IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. IPCC.

Jin, G., Zhao, W., Zhang, J., Liang, W., Chen, M., & Xu, R. (2025). High-temperature stability of LiFePO₄/carbon lithium-ion batteries: Challenges and strategies. Sustainable Chemistry, 6(1), 7.

Khan, S., et al. (2022). Improved microwave-assisted graphene oxide synthesis for environmental applications. Carbon Letters, 32, 1345–1356.

Laksmita, R. (2018). Development of the optimum composition of organic liquid fertilizer using Taguchi method. (Sumber tidak lengkap).

Li, X., Wang, J., & Guo, S. (2021). Recovery of iron phosphate from spent LiFePO₄ batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 485, 229329.

Liu, F., Wang, C., Sui, X., Riaz, M. A., Xu, M., Wei, L., & Chen, Y. (2019). Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential. Carbon Energy, 1(2), 173–199.

Llenas, M., et al. (2019). Microwave-assisted synthesis of SPION–reduced graphene oxide hybrids. Nanomaterials, 9(3), 400.

McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things. North Point Press.

Meriatna, M., Suryati, S., & Fahri, A. (2018). Pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan volume bioaktivator EM4 pada pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari limbah buah-buahan. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 7(1), 13–29.

Miao, Y., Hynan, P., Von Jouanne, A., & Yokochi, A. (2019). Current Li-ion battery technologies in electric vehicles and opportunities for advancements. Energies, 12(6), 1074.

Rahman, M. A., et al. (2021). Role of effective microorganisms (EM) in improving soil fertility. Applied Soil Ecology, 168, 104179.

Rafique, M., et al. (2020). Iron phosphate–carbon nanocomposites for controlled nutrient release. Journal of Environmental Management, 270, 110870.

Singh, R., & Kumar, P. (2021). Graphene–metal oxide nanocomposites for agricultural applications. Nanotechnology Reviews, 10(1), 989–1005.

UN. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. United Nations General Assembly.

Vasconcelos, D. D. S., Tenorio, J. A. S., Botelho Junior, A. B., & Espinosa, D. C. R. (2023). Circular recycling strategies for LFP batteries: A review focusing on hydrometallurgy sustainable processing. Metals, 13(3), 543.

Yang, L., Yang, L., Xu, G., Feng, Q., Li, Y., Zhao, E., Ma, J., Fan, S., & Li, X. (2019). Separation and recovery of carbon powder in anodes from spent lithium-ion batteries to synthesize graphene. Scientific Reports, 9, 9823.

Yue, X. H., Wang, L., & Zhao, H. (2023). Recycling phosphorus from spent LiFePO₄ battery. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(1), 109–122.

Yue, X. H., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, W. B., Wang, Y., & Zhang, F. S. (2021). Recycling phosphorus from spent LiFePO₄ battery for multifunctional slow-release fertilizer preparation and simultaneous recovery of lithium. Chemical Engineering Journal, 426, 131311.

Zhang, L., et al. (2020). Hydrometallurgical leaching of LiFePO₄ batteries for FePO₄ recovery. Separation and Purification Technology, 242, 116798.

Zola, G., Nugraheni, S. D., Rosiana, A. A., Pambudy, D. A., & Agustanta, N. (2023). Inovasi kendaraan listrik sebagai upaya meningkatkan kelestarian lingkungan dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi hijau di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, 12(3), 159–170.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad - Faras

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.