AI SYSTEM QUALITY AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TOWARD LOYALTY AND INTENTION TO SUBSCRIBE TO PREMIUM AI IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Diana Anggraeni, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia
Ahmad Badari Burhan, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia
Aprilyanti Pratiwi, Universitas Pancasila, Indonesia
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education is increasing to support information seeking, assignment preparation, idea development, and academic productivity. This study aims to analyze AI system quality and digital communication experience toward user loyalty and the intention to subscribe to premium AI services in higher education. The study used a quantitative approach through an online survey of 216 AI users. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Jamovi. The findings show that AI system quality obtained the highest mean score of 4.35, followed by digital communication experience at 4.16, user loyalty at 3.95, and intention to subscribe to premium AI at 3.74. The research instrument had very good reliability, with an overall Cronbach's Alpha of 0.940 and McDonald's Omega of 0.944. The SEM results show that several model fit indices were in the good category, such as SRMR at 0.069, CFI at 0.992, and TLI at 0.990, although RMSEA at 0.099 indicates the need for caution in interpreting the model. These findings indicate that higher education users perceive AI as accessible, fast, and communicative, but their premium subscription intention remains lower than their usage loyalty. AI developers need to strengthen the added value of premium services so that they are relevant to academic needs.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Acosta-Enriquez, B. G., Arbulú Ballesteros, M. A., Huamaní Jordan, O., López Roca, C., & Saavedra Tirado, K. (2024). Analysis of college students’ attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT in their academic activities: effect of intent to use, verification of information and responsible use. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S40359-024-01764-Z
Al-Mamary, Y. H., Alfalah, A. A., Alshammari, M. M., & Abubakar, A. A. (2024). Exploring factors influencing university students’ intentions to use ChatGPT: analysing task-technology fit theory to enhance behavioural intentions in higher education. Future Business Journal 2024 10:1, 10(1), 119-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S43093-024-00406-5
Anita, S., Army, W. L., & Nugroho, A. (2025). Analysis of Customer Feedback for an e-Commerce Application Based on Artificial Neural Networks. Jurnal Sistem Cerdas, 8(1), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.37396/JSC.V8I1.473
Army, W. L., Nugroho, A., Anita, S., & Sarah, S. (2024). The Customer Engagement Effect on Customer Loyalty (Case Study: Marketplace Retailer). Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika ISSN 2721-4796 (Online), 5(1), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.36312/JCM.V5I1.2686
authorCorporate:Global Education Monitoring Report Team, S.-E. A. M. of E. O. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023, Southeast Asia: technology in education: a tool on whose terms? Summary (ind). Global Education Monitoring Report 2023, Southeast Asia: Technology in Education: A Tool on Whose Terms? Summary (Ind). https://doi.org/10.54676/MWKZ6101
Camilleri, M. A. (2024). Factors affecting performance expectancy and intentions to use ChatGPT: Using SmartPLS to advance an information technology acceptance framework. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2024.123247
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
Duong, C. D., Vu, T. N., & Ngo, T. V. N. (2023). Applying a modified technology acceptance model to explain higher education students’ usage of ChatGPT: A serial multiple mediation model with knowledge sharing as a moderator. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100883. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJME.2023.100883
Fajri, M., Adira, A., Putri, N., Faisal, M., Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, P., & Ilmu Pendidikan, F. (2026). PENGARUH INTENSITAS SCREEN TIME TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KONSENTRASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(02), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.23969/JP.V11I02.46988
Ibrahim, I., Altahitah, A. N., Ali, K., Ateeq, A., & Alaghbari, M. A. (2024). How Does Chat GPT Influence Human Capital Development Amongst Malaysian Undergraduate Students? 2024 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems, ICETSIS 2024, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETSIS61505.2024.10459491
Irena, A., Tiffany, S., Aripradono, T. B., & Sundjaja, A. M. (2026). Chatbot Quality and Its Impact on User Satisfaction and Continuance Usage Intention in the Indonesian Banking Industry. CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal, 20(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.21512/COMMIT.V20I1.13215
jamovi — open statistical software. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2026, from https://www.jamovi.org/
Jo, H. (2023). Understanding AI tool engagement: A study of ChatGPT usage and word-of-mouth among university students and office workers. Telematics and Informatics, 85, 102067. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2023.102067
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., … Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LINDIF.2023.102274
Krishna, I. G. N., Noviyanti, R., & Januar, S. (2025). Harmonization of Tri Hita Karana: A Sustainable Tourism Branding Strategy (Grand Istana Rama Study). Lektur: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(4), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.21831/LEKTUR.V8I4.27263
Kurniawati, D., & Judisseno, R. K. (2022). PENGGUNAAN SKALA LIKERT UNTUK MENGANALISA EFEKTIVITAS REGISTRASI STAKEHOLDER MEETING: EXHIBITION INDUSTRY 2020. Seminar Nasional Riset Terapan Administrasi Bisnis Dan MICE, 10(1), 142–152. https://prosiding-old.pnj.ac.id/index.php/snrtb/article/view/5581
Mustofa, R. H., Kuncoro, T. G., Atmono, D., Hermawan, H. D., & Sukirman. (2025). Extending the technology acceptance model: The role of subjective norms, ethics, and trust in AI tool adoption among students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CAEAI.2025.100379
Nabila, A. J., Pebrianti, W., Giriati, Heriyadi, & Setiawan, H. (2026). Determinants of Continuance Intention Toward ChatGPT Premium Among Indonesian University Students: An Information Systems Success Model Perspective for Higher Education Management. Journal of Educational Management Research , 5(2), 1409–1427. https://doi.org/10.61987/JEMR.V5I2.1892
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634S105;SUBPAGE:STRING:ABSTRACT;CSUBTYPE:STRING:VOLUME
Rahma Pratiwi, S., Malik, A., Hadi, T., Studi Pendidikan Matematika, P., & Serang Raya, U. (2025). THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE ON STUDENT MOTIVATION. Lektur: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21831/LEKTUR.V8I2.23778
Saihi, A., Ben-Daya, M., Hariga, M., & As’ad, R. (2024). A Structural equation modeling analysis of generative AI chatbots adoption among students and educators in higher education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100274. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CAEAI.2024.100274
Shahzad, M. F., Xu, S., & Zahid, H. (2025). Exploring the impact of generative AI-based technologies on learning performance through self-efficacy, fairness & ethics, creativity, and trust in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 30(3), 3691–3716. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-024-12949-9
Shuhaiber, A., Kuhail, M. A., & Salman, S. (2025). ChatGPT in higher education - A Student’s perspective. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 17, 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHBR.2024.100565
Strzelecki, A. (2024). Students’ Acceptance of ChatGPT in Higher Education: An Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Innovative Higher Education, 49(2), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10755-023-09686-1
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023). What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education. Smart Learning Environments 2023 10:1, 10(1), 15-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40561-023-00237-X
Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T., & Du, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 252, 124167. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESWA.2024.124167
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/lektur.v9i3.29654
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chita Pradnya Paramitha

Lektur: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi is published by Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281 and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.