DOCTOR TJIPTO MANGOENKOESOEMO’S ROLES IN THE HEALTH SECTOR DURING THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT ERA (1905-1914)

Abstract

Doctor Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo was one of the national movement figures who was active in organizations and was a medical doctor. This undergraduate thesis aims to investigate: (1) the life background of doctor Tjipto Mangoekoesoemo, (2) the Dutch government’s policies in the health sector up to the twentieth century, and

(3) doctor Tjipto Mangoekoesoemo’s roles in the health sector during the national movement era.

The undergraduate thesis employed the historical method according to Kuntowijoyo, consisting of five stages, namely: (1) topic selection, i.e. determining the problem; (2) heuristics, i.e. collecting primary and secondary sources; (3) verification, i.e. criticizing historical sources; (4) interpretation, i.e. interpreting historical facts; and (5) historiography, i.e. writing history.

The results of the study were as follows. (1) Doctor Tjipto was a son of Mangoenkoesoemo and Suratmi. He was educated at ELS and STOVIA, making him active in Boedi Oetomo, Indische Partij, and Komite Bumi Putera (Indigenous People Committee). (2) The Dutch government’s policies in the health sector started when VOC established hospitals. Initially, hospitals were established for military purposes. Health faclilities had started to develop since the beginning of the twentieth century and were oriented to society. Medical schools were also establihed in response to the lack of medical doctors. (3) Doctor Tjipto’s roles in the health sector started when he had commitment to work for the government after graduation in some areas in the Dutch East Indies; he established a clinic in his house in Solo and took part in eradicating bubonic plague in Malang. Doctor Tjipto’s roles in the health sector made the Dutch government aware that indigenous doctors were capable of eradicating plague. Besides, this showed that health was the right of all people, not only of the military group.

Keywords: Doctor Tjipto Mangoekoesoemo, health, 1905-1914