UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAN KLOROFORM ISOLAT Actinomycetes DARI HUTAN PINUS MANGUNAN TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus

Hanna Huriyatus Syifa, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

 10.21831/kingdom.v12i1.27305

Abstract


Resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik mendorong perlunya eksplorasi sumber senyawa antibakteri baru, salah satunya dari kelompok Actinomycetes yang diketahui mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder bioaktif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol dan kloroform dari isolat Actinomycetes terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Sampel tanah rizosfer diambil dari kawasan Hutan Pinus Mangunan, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga faktor perlakuan, yaitu jenis pelarut, jenis bakteri uji, serta konsentrasi ekstrak Actinomycetes (25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%). Aktivitas antibakteri ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran diameter zona hambat (mm) yang terbentuk di sekitar sumuran. Isolat Actinomycetes diidentifikasi hingga tingkat genus berdasarkan karakteristik fenotipik menggunakan metode Simple Profile Matching (SPM), lalu dianalisis menggunakan Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) dengan algoritma Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dan disajikan dalam bentuk dendrogram. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dua isolat yang teridentifikasi ke dalam genus Streptomyces. Pada kondisi pengujian yang digunakan, ekstrak metanol maupun kloroform pada berbagai tingkat konsentrasi belum menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri uji, sehingga pengaruh perbedaan polaritas pelarut, variasi konsentrasi ekstrak, serta perbedaan respons antara bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif belum dapat dievaluasi secara optimal.

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