KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI POLA AGROFORESTRI BERUPA JATI (Tectona grandis), SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DAN CAMPURAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui pengaruh tegakan jati (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan campuran terhadap kondisi faktor fisik-faktor kimia dan faktor klimatik, (2) mengetahui hubungan antara faktor lingkungan dengan tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah pada pola agroforesri berupa jati (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan campuran di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta, dan (3) mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman jenis makrofauna tanah pada pola agroforesri berupa jati (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan campuran di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis deskriptif eksploratif. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di Desa Jetisjogopaten, Kapanewon Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan uji metode pit fall trap dan hand sorting serta menggunakan teknik analisis data berupa indeks keanakaragaman jenis, indeks kemerataan, indeks kekayaan jenis, indeks dominansi, dan korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) komposisi tegakan memberikan peningkatan dan dampak yang lebih baik terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Lahan dengan pola agroforestri jati lebih baik pada sifat fisik tanah, yaitu intensitas cahaya, kelembaban tanah, suhu udara, suhu tanah, kelembaban udara, dan pH tanah. Selain itu juga meningkatkan sifat kimia tanah, yaitu kadar bahan organik tanah berupa C dan N, (2) terdapat hubungan atau korelasi positif pada intensitas cahaya dan kelembaban tanah  yang menandakan adanya peningkatan yang dapat menaikkan indeks keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah, dan korelasi negatif pada kelembaban udara, suhu udara, suhu tanah, dan pH yang menandakan jika penurunan suatu faktor lingkungan maka akan dapat menurunkan indeks keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah, dan (3) makrofauna tanah yang ditemukan pada ketiga lahan dengan pola agroforestri terdiri dari 26 spesies, yaitu Lumbricus terestris, Geotrupes stercorarius, Xystrocera festiva, Phyllophaga sp., Lepidiota stigma, Scolopendra sp., Tetramorium caespitum, Ochetellus, Solenopsis spp, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Gryllus assimilis, Euborelia sp., Forficula auricularia, Eurycotis floridana, Oxyopes javanus, Coptotermes curvignathus, Hirudo medicinalis, Haemodipsa sp., Lymantria dispar dispar, Stomoxys calcitrans, Geophilus flavus, Leptocorisa acuta, Dysdercus cingulatus, Anoplodesmus saussurii, dan Mantis religiosa. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman dari masing-masing lahan campuran (1,622); sengon (1,501); dan jati (1,312).

Kata kunci: Faktor lingkungan, keanekaragaman, lahan agrogorestri, makrofauna tanah

The aims of this study were: (1) to know the influence of teak’s stand (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures on the conditions of physical-chemical factors and climatic factors, (2) to know the relationship between environmental factors and the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species at agroforestry patterns in the form of teak (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, and (3) to know the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in agroforestry patterns in the form of teak (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This research used a quantitative approach with an exploratory descriptive study design. The aims of this study were: (1) to know the influence of teak’s stand (Tectona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures on the conditions of physical-chemical factors and climatic factors, (2) to know the relationship between environmental factors and the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species at agroforestry patterns in the form of teak (Testona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, and (3) to know  the level of diversity of soil macrofauna species in agroforestry patterns in the form of teak (Testona grandis), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mixtures in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This research used a quantitative approach with an exploratory descriptive study design. This research take the location at Jetisjogopaten Village, Kapanewon Sleman, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. In collecting the data, the researcher used pitfall trap, hand sorting, data analysis techniques for species diversity index, evenness index, species richness index, dominance index, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study showed that: (1) the composition of the stand showed its increased and a better impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Land with an agroforestry teak pattern is better on the physical properties of the soil, namely light intensity, soil moisture, air temperature, soil temperature, air humidity, and soil pH. In addition, it also improves soil chemical properties, namely soil organic matter content in the form of C and N, (2) there is a positive correlation on light intensity and soil moisture which indicates that an increase in light intensity can increase soil macrofauna diversity index and a negative correlation on the air humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, and pH which indicate that a decrease in an environmental factor will reduce the index of soil macrofauna diversity and (3) the macroanimal soil found in the three agroforestry land pattern consist of 26 species, there were Lumbricus terrestris, Geotrupes stercorarius, Xystrocera festiva, Phyllophaga sp., Lepidiota stigma, Scolopendra sp., Tetramorium caespitum, Ochetellus, Solenopsis spp, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Grylborus assimilis, Euficula assimilis, Euficana sp., Oxyopes javanus,Coptotermes curvignathus, Hirudo medicinalis, Haemodipsa sp., Lymantria dispar dispar, Stomoxys calcitrans, Geophilus flavus, Leptocorisa acuta, Dysdercus cingulatus, Anoplodesmus saussurii, and Mantis religiosa.The diversity index value of each land is mixtures (1,622); sengon(1,501); and teak’s (1,312).

Keywords: Environmental factors, diversity, agroforestric land, macrofauna soil