Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Massa CuO Termodifikasi Graphene-like dari Tongkol Jagung terhadap Nilai Kapasitansi Elektroda Superkapasitor
Dyah Purwaningsih, Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio massa terhadap nilai kapasitansi spesifik elektroda superkapasitor pada material CuO termodifikasi graphene-like yang disintesis dengan metode solvotermal, serta menganalisis karakter fisik dan struktur material pada sampel dengan kapasitansi tertinggi ditinjau dari morfologi dan mikrostruktur.Material ini disintesis menggunakan metode solvotermal. Sintesis CuO termodifikasi graphene-like dimulai dari membuat graphene-like dari tongkol jagung dengan katalis Cu-foil. Optimalisasi sintesis CuO termodifikasi graphene-like dengan metode solvotermal menggunakan variasi rasio massa CuO dan graphene-like sebesar 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, dan 4:1. Analisis kapasitansi untuk menilai kapasitansi spesifik elektroda dilakukan menggunakan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Karakterisasi yang digunakan untuk menganalisis karakter fisik adalah XRD, SAA-BET, dan SEM-EDX. Nilai kapasitansi tertinggi 57,0 mF/g dicapai pada rasio massa 2:1. Sampel dengan rasio ini menunjukkan fase CuO monoklinik (Tenorite) serta ukuran kristalit terkecil sebesar 12,17 nm. Sementara itu, variasi rasio lain menunjukkan penurunan performa akibat pertumbuhan kristal berlebih atau dominasi fase amorf. Hasil uji SAA-BET menunjukkan bahwa luas area spesifik pada CuO termodifikasi graphene-like rasio 2:1 adalah 174 m²/g dengan isoterm tipe IV dan jenis histeresis H3, yang didominasi oleh struktur mesopori (3–4 nm). Analisis SEM-EDX menunjukkan nanokristal CuO berbentuk quasi-spherical terdistribusi merata pada matriks graphene-like dengan komposisi unsur tembaga (Cu) sebesar 53,36%.
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