The Design of Speed and Direction (Velocity) Measuring Instruments Based On Arduino Uno Microcontroller

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat ukur kelajuan angin (anemometer) menggunakan sensor berbasis shaft encoder, merancang alat penunjuk arah angin menggunakan sensor resistif kawat nikelin, dan merancang alat transmisi data nirkabel ke sistem pengolah data. Perancangan alat ini terbagi menjadi 2 tahap, tahap pertama diawali dengan mendesain rangkaian elektronik untuk sensor kelajuan angin yang berupa rangkaian pembagi tegangan dan komparator schmitt trigger sebagai pengkondisi sinyal input sensor untuk mencegah efek noise sebelum masuk ke mikrokontroler. Sensor yang digunakan adalah optocoupler, yaitu berupa transmitter cahaya dengan menggunakan LED dan receiver menggunakan fotodioda yang dirangkai secara seri dengan tahanan sebesar 1 kΩ. Penelitian tahap kedua dimulai dengan mendesain body anemometer, sumbu dan memilih ukuran cup dan merancang wind vane beserta sensor resistif. Sensor resistif yang digunakan untuk wind vane ini adalah kawat nikelin dengan panjang total 65.34 cm yang dipasang melingkar pada permukaan papan kayu berbentuk lingkaran. Telah dirancang alat ukur kelajuan angin (anemometer) dan penunjuk arah angin (wind vane), yang terdiri dari rangkaian optocoupler dan komparator schmitt trigger, cup dengan jari-jari 3.25 cm, bearing dengan diameter 0.9 cm, dan sumbu anemometer dengan panjang 31 cm. Anemometer dengan panjang lengan cup 3.45 cm memiliki nilai faktor anemometer yang lebih kecil daripada anemometer dengan panjang lengan cup 7.45 cm. Sementara, penunjuk arah angin (wind vane) menggunakan sensor berbasis resistivitas kawat nikelin. Anemometer yang telah dirancang memiliki jangkauan pembacaan laju angin mulai dari 2 m/s hingga 19.6 m/s. Resolusi penunjukkan arah angin menggunakan sensor ini mencapai 1.25°. Hasil perancangan transmisi data secara nirkabel memanfaatkan jaringan WiFi berupa mikrokontroler arduino yang telah diprogram, rangkaian voltage shifter, rangkaian voltage divider, dan modul pemancar sinyal WiFi ESP 8266. Kata kunci: Kelajuan dan arah angin, Anemometer, Arduino Uno Abstract This research aimed to design the wind measuring instrument (anemometer) using shaft encoder-based sensor, design the wind direction pointer instrument with resistive-based sensor using nickelin wire, and transmit the collected data from sensor to data recorder software wirelessly. The design of this instrument was divided into 2 stages, the first stage was started by designing the electronic circuit for the wind speed sensor which consisted of voltage divider circuit and schmitt trigger as the input signal conditioner of the sensor to prevent the noise effect from entering the microcontroller device. The sensor which used was optocoupler, made up of light transmitter using LED and the receiver using photodiode sensor which mounted in series with the resistor of 1 kΩ. The second stage of this research was commenced by designing the body of anemometer, the axis, and choosing the cup’s size and designing the wind vane as well as its resistive sensor. The resistive sensor which used for this wind vane was nickelin wire with the total length of 65.34 cm and mounted around the top surface of the circle-shape board. Had been designed a wind speed measuring (anemometer) and wind direction pointer (wind vane) instrument, which made up of optocoupler and schmitt trigger comparator circuit, 3.45 cm cup’s rotor length, bearing’s diameter of 0.9 cm, and anemometer’s axis with length of 31 cm. Anemometer which equipped with rotor length of 3.45 cm had smaller anemometer factor, K, than anemometer with rotor length of 7.45 cm. Meanwhile, a wind vane was made with nickelin wire as the sensor. The anemometer could measure the wind speed from 2 m/s to 19.6 m/s. The resolution of this sensor when pointing the wind direction was up to 1.25⁰. The results of designing the wireless data transmission over WiFi network were a programmed arduino microcontroller, voltage shifter circuit, voltage divider circuit, and ESP 8266 WiFi signal transmitter module. Keywords: Wind speed and direction, Anemometer, Arduino Uno