THE ROLES OF METHODS LEARNING IN SOCIAL STUDIES
Abstract
learning. The analyzed documents included a variety of sources from the literature including articles, papers, scientific journals, websites, the internet and books relevant to the objects under study. The study comprised 3 topics, i.e.: 1) roles of teaching methods that teachers applied in Social Studies learning, 2) teaching methods relevant to characteristics of Social Studies, and 3) teachers’ constraints in applying teaching methods in Social studies learning. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Roles of teaching methods in learning especially Social Studies learning are, among others, as a guide for teachers in lesson planning, a means to attain learning
objectives, a means to make learning joyful, a means to make learning materials well understood by students through an appropriate method, a means to stimulate extrinsic motivation, teaching strategies, assessment of learning mastery through teaching method selection, and interaction with educational values. 2) In outline, teaching methods that teachers
can apply are among others: the lecturing method, question and answer method, discussion method, assignment method, group work method, demonstration method, field trip method, simulation method, inquiry and discovery method, role-playing method, social drama method,
and Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) methods. 3) Constraintsthat teachers face are that they do not know how much about methods when teaching, the use of teaching methods is constrained by limited time, supporting infrastructure facilities are limited, they find it difficult
to select teaching methods relevant to learning objectives, time, place, available equipment, and their skills, they cannot recognize students’ characteristics, they have not acquired adequate teaching competencies, and there is an education system making teacher focus on only the attainment of the materials target by applying irrelevant teaching methods.
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