PENGUKURAN MODULUS ELASTISITAS KAYU MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG AUDIOSONIK MEASURING THE WOOD’S MODULUS ELASTICITY USING AUDIO SONIC WAVE

Viky Nurlaili, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Agus Purwanto, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Abstract


Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara menentukan modulus elastisitas kayu dengan menggunakan
gelombang audiosonik dan mengetahui nilai modulus elastisitas kayu sengon, kayu mahoni, dan kayu keruing.
Cepat rambat gelombang dalam kayu diperoleh dengan metode standing wave. Pada standing wave terbentuk
simpul dan perut. Cepat rambat gelombang dapat diperoleh dari pengukuran panjang gelombang dengan frekuensi
tertentu. Nilai modulus elastisitas dinamis kayu diperoleh dari data cepat rambat gelombang audiosonik dalam kayu
dan kerapatan kayu. Hasil analisis cepat rambat bunyi gelombang audiosonik pada kayu sengon sebesar (152± 2) ×
101 m/s, kemudian kayu mahoni sebesar (178 ± 2) × 101 m/s, dan yang paling besar adalah kayu keruing sebesar
(189 ± 2) × 101 m/s. Kerapatan kayu sengon adalah (0,38 ± 0,01) × 103 kg/m3, kayu mahoni (0,55 ± 0,02) × 103
kg/m3, dan kayu keruing (0,76 ± 0,02) × 103 kg/m3. Dari hasil cepat rambat gelombang audiosonik dalam kayu dan
kerapatan kayu tersebut diperoleh modulus elastisitas dinamis kayu sengon sebesar (88 ± 2) × 107 kg/ms2, kayu
mahoni (173 ± 4) × 107 kg/ms2, dan kayu keruing (272 ± 5) × 107 kg/ms2.
Kata kunci: Kayu, Modulus Elastisitas, dan Cepat Rambat Gelombang
Abstract
This research aimed to find out the way to determine wood’s modulus elasticity using audio sonic wave
and to find out modulus elasticity of sengon “Albazia falcataria (L.) Fosberg”, mahoni “Swietenia mahagoni (L.)
Jacq”, and keruing “Dipterocarpus spp.”. The method to find out the wave propagation speed in wood was
standing wave. In standing waves there were nodes and antinodes. The wavelength on certain wave frequency
determined the speed of wave propagation. Wood density was measured by dividing wood mass with respect to
wood volume. Dynamic modulus elasticity of woods can be measured from the audio sonic wave propagation speed
on the woods and woods density. The result of audio sonic wavespeed were (152± 2) × 101 m/s for sengon “Albazia
falcataria (L.) Fosberg”, (178 ± 2) × 101 m/s for mahoni “Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq”, and (189 ± 2) × 101 m/s
for keruing “Dipterocarpus spp.”. Wood density of sengon “Albazia falcataria (L.) Fosberg” was (0,38 ± 0,01) ×
103 kg/m3, mahoni “Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq” was (0,55 ± 0,02) × 103 kg/m3, and keruing “Dipterocarpus
spp.” was (0,76 ± 0,02) × 103 kg/m3. From those data the result of dynamic woods elasticity modulus were (88 ± 2)
× 107 kg/ms2 for sengon “Albazia falcataria (L.) Fosberg”, (173 ± 4) × 107 kg/ms2 for mahoni “Swietenia
mahagoni (L.) Jacq”, and (272 ± 5) × 107 kg/ms2 for keruing “Dipterocarpus spp.”.
Keywords: Woods, Modulus of elasticity, and Speed wave propagation

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/fisika%20-%20s1.v10i1.3404

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