EFEKTIVITAS MODIFIKASI PERILAKU TEKNIK POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPEKAAN SOSIAL SISWA SMK NEGERI 1 YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

Abstrak

            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas modifikasi perilaku teknik positive reinforcement untuk meningkatkan kepekaan sosial siswa SMK Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen single subject design. Subjek penelitian dipilih melalui purposive sampling, dengan siswa kelas XI yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 5 siswa. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen skala kepekaan sosial dan observasi target behavior subjek penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif, analisis visual berdasarkan grafik perilaku subjek penelitian dan uji N-Gain Score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi perilaku teknik positive reinforcement dapat meningkatkan kepekaan sosial siswa SMK Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil rata-rata skor pretest dan posttest pada skala kepekaan sosial yang meningkat dari 57.4 kategori sedang menjadi 66.4 kategori tinggi. Hasil analisis visual berdasarkan grafik perilaku subjek penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi perilaku teknik positive reinforcement mempunyai pengaruh yang positif terhadap target behavior subjek penelitian dengan rata-rata persentase overlap 0% pada perbandingan tahap baseline I dan II. Hasil uji N-Gain Score menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata peningkatan N-Gain Score berada pada kategori sedang yang berarti bahwa kepekaan sosial mengalami peningkatan sedang setelah diberikan treatment modifikasi perilaku teknik positive reinforcement.

Kata kunci:  modifikasi perilaku, positive reinforcement, kepekaan sosial

Abstract

This research aimed to observe the effectiveness of implementing behavior modification technique named ‘positive reinforcement’ in increasing the students’ social sensitivity in SMKN 1 Yogyakarta. This was a quantitative research using single subject design as its research methodology. The subject was chosen through purposive sampling, resulting 5 students from class XI to be the candidates who meet the criteria. The researcher used social sensitivity scaling as her instrument and observation of target behavior to gather the needed data. The data was analysed by using statistical descriptive analysis, visual analysis based on the students’ behavior graph and N-Gain score test. The result shows that the implementation of behavior modification through ‘positive reinforcement’ technique is can increase the social sensitivity of students in SMKN 1 Yogyakarta. The achievement was known from the increment of average score in pre-test and post-test done by the students which is from 57.4 (middle category) to 66.4 (higher category). The result of visual analysis based on the students’ behavior graph shows that the treatment of behavior modification through ‘positive reinforcement’ has positive effects on the target behavior with 0% overlap percentage in average. The N-Gain Score test shows that the average increase in N-Gain Score is in the medium category which means that social sensitivity has increased moderately after being given a treatment behavior modification of positive reinforcement techniques.

Keywords: behavior modification, positive reinforcement, social sensitivity