PEMANFAATAN DAUN MIMBA SEBAGAI ZAT WARNA ALAM TEKSTIL

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) kualitas hasil pencelupan menggunakan ekstrak daun
mimba pada kain mori, sutera dan satin dengan fiksator tawas, tunjung dan kapur tohor ditinjau dari
uji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian sabun dan panas penyetrikaan, 2) pengaruh jenis
fiksator dan jenis kain terhadap kualitas warna pencelupan, 3) warna hasil pencelupan dengan ekstrak
daun mimba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen faktorial
3x3. Subjek penelitian ini adalah daun mimba sebanyak 1200 gr yang diekstrak dengan air 6000 ml.
Teknik pengumpulan data dengan hasil uji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian dan panas
penyetrikaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan anova non parametrik yaitu uji kruskall wallis. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan: 1) rata-rata ketahanan luntur warna ekstrak daun mimba pada kain mori,
sutera dan satin dengan fiksator tawas, tunjung dan kapur tohor terhadap pencucian dalam kategori
cukup, sedangkan terhadap panas penyetrikaan dalam kategori baik, 2) ada pengaruh jenis fiksator
dan jenis kain terhadap kualitas warna pencelupan dengan ekstrak daun mimba dibuktikan dengan
hasil Sig. 0,001 < 0,05, 3) hasil warna dengan ekstrak daun mimba menggunakan tawas menghasilkan
Pale Yellow (mori), Canary Yellow (sutera) dan Off-White Lavender (satin), dengan tunjung
menghasilkan Dark Sea Green (mori), Forest Green (sutera) dan Pale Cyan (satin), dengan kapur
tohor menghasilkan Muddy Waters Brown (mori), Golden Sundance (sutera) dan Pale Green (satin).

Kata kunci : Zat Warna Tekstil, Daun Mimba, Ketahanan Luntur Warna

This study aimed to find out: 1) the quality of the dyeing results using the neem leaf extract on white
cambric, silk, and satin with alum, lotus, and lime fixators in terms of color fastness to soap washing
and ironing heat, 2) the effects of the types of fixators and the types of fabrics on the quality of the
dyeing results using the neem leaf extract, 3) colors resulting from the dyeing using the neem leaf
extract. This was an experimental study using a 3x3 factorial experiment design. The research
subjects were neem leaves with a sample of 1200 grams extracted using 6000 ml of water. The data
collection technique was the color fastness test to soap washing and ironing heat. The data analysis
technique was the non-parametric anova, namely the kruskal wallis test. The results of the study were
as follows : 1) the quality of the dyeing results using the neem leaf extract was in the moderate
category on the average in terms of the results of the color fastness test on soap washing and the
good category on the average in terms of the results of the color fastness test on ironing heat, 2) there
were effects of the types of fixators and the types of fabrics on the quality of the colors using the neem
leaf extract, indicated by a significant result of 0.001 < 0.05, 3) the colors resulting from the dyeing
using the neem leaf extract using the alum fixator were Pale Yellow (white cambric), Canary Yellow
(silk), and Off White Lavender (satin). Meanwhile, with the lotus fixator, the colors were Dark Sea
Green (white cambric), Forest Green (silk), and Cyan Pale (satin). With the lime fixator, the colors
were Muddy Waters Brown (white cambric), Golden Sundance (silk), and Green Pale (satin).

Keywords: Textile Dye, Neem Leaves, Color Fastness